Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a plant that is easily found in Southeast Asia, one of which is Indonesia. Kratom was first published by Pieter Willem Korthal, so it was named Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil (Indonesia Ministry of Health, 2019). The taxonomic classification for Mitragyna speciosa according to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is as follows:

1. 1. Kingdom: Plantae
   2. Division: Tracheophyta
   3. Class : Magnoliopsida
   4. Order: Gentianales
   5. Family: Rubiaceae
   6. Geus: Mitragyna
   7. Species : Mitragyna speciosa 

          Kratom’s habitat is in river basins (DAS) and swamps. Kratom grows optimally in fertile and watery alluvial soil (mineral deposits). This plant can survive in waterlogged conditions (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2019). Kratom plants are commonly used as alternative medicines in treating various diseases such as diabetes, pain relief, hypertension, cholesterol, and stamina enhancers (Fadly, 2025; Wahyono et al., 2019). This is due to the alkaloid compounds mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (Wahyono et al., 2019; Yuniarti et al., 2020; Ni’ma, 2024). In addition, kratom contains 7-hydroxymitragynine, paynanthein, speciogynine, and speciociliatin, as well as other supporting alkaloid compounds (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2019).

          According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, the production capacity of kratom in Indonesia reaches around 400 to 500 tons per year of the total production, the majority is exported to the United States, which is one of the main markets for Indonesian kratom products (Waluyo and Nuraini, 2023). The export value of Indonesian kratom in 2023 reached USD 7.33 million, with the leading export destination being the United States, amounting to USD 4.86 million, or equivalent to 66.30% of Indonesia’s total kratom production (Indonesian Ministry of Trade, 2023).

References:

1. Fadly, D. (2025). Blood glucose response to kratom tea (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.). BIO Web of Conferences, 153, 03015, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202515303015.
2. Indonesian Ministry of Health. (2019). Kratom: Prospek Kesehatan dan Sosial Ekonomi, Jakarta (ID): Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 
3. Indonesian Ministry of Trade. (2023). ‘Realisasi Ekspor Kratom (HS 12119099) Periode 2018-2023. 
4. Indonesian Statistics Agency. (2024). ‘Indonesia Kratom Export’ URL: https://www.bps.go.id/statistik-indonesia-2024. Accessed on May 14th, 2025.
5. Ni’ma. (2024). Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): Medicinal marvel or menace? Assessing potency, risk, and future prospects of herbal medicine. Indo. J. Chem. Sci., 13(1), 31-42.
6. Wahyono, S., Widowati, L., Handayani, L., Sampurno, O. D., Haryanti, S., Fauzi, Ratnawati, G., & Budiarti. (2019). Kratom: Prospek kesehatan dan sosial ekonomi. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 
7. Waluyo, D., and Nuraini, R. (2023) ‘Begini Regulasi Resmi Tata Niaga Harta Karun Hijau Indonesia’ URL: https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/8634/begini-regulasi-resmi-tata-niaga-harta-karun-hijau-indonesia?lang=1#:~:text=Menurut%20data%20dari%20Kementerian%20Pertanian,utama%20untuk%20produk%20kratom%20Indonesia. Accessed on May 14th, 2025.
8. Wikipedia contributors. (2024). Mitragyna speciosa. Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa. Accessed 14 May 2025.
9. Yuniarti, R., Nadia, S., Alamanda, A., Zubir, M., Syahputra, R. A., & Nizam. (2020). Characterization, phytochemical screenings, and antioxidant activity test of kratom leaf ethanol extract (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) using the DPPH method. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1462.